Q. 31: A development house (DH) uses the V model for its projects. It delivers systems to the energy industry. In response to consumer demands, DH has been asked to create an online system for consumers to switch energy suppliers easily.

There

For this new service, the specifications have been defined, code has been created, and system testing is about to start.

Which of the following would form part of the entry criteria into unit testing (which will be followed by integration testing)?

I. 100 per cent decision coverage of all tariff calculations.

II. Signed-off program specification.

III. Signed-off technical specification.

IV. 100 per cent program specification coverage.

V. Compiled code.

A. I, III and V
B. II and V

C. I, II and III

D. III, IV and V

Explanation in favor of the correct Answer: 

Option I, ‘100 per cent decision coverage’, would form part of the exit criteria out of unit testing, not the entry criteria.

Option II, ‘a signed-off program specification’, is valid as an entry criterion into unit testing (although very rare in the real world!).

Option III, ‘a signed-off technical specification’, would apply at integration testing.

Option IV, ‘100 per cent coverage of the program specification’, would form part of the exit criteria out of unit testing.

Option V, ‘complied code’, should be a given, but is relevant as an entry criterion into unit testing.

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Q. 32: A local council employs its own IT staff; there are 40, most of whom have been with the council for over 10 years.

The council uses the Agile development methodology. Each project has between five and nine team members, all of whom work very closely together.

At the start of each iteration, the requirements are loosely defined. These are then built, tested and refined.

The IT Department has been asked to upgrade the council website to include:

# Information on recycling targets;

# Amounts recycled per month; and

# Energy usage in the recycling effort.

The project will be undertaken in three iterations, one for each requirement defined above.

Which two of the following methods of test estimation would be most appropriate in this situation?

I. Making use of a work breakdown structure.

II. Taking 30 per cent of the total iteration time.

III. Calculating the time required using test point analysis.

IV. Gaining consensus from the team.

A. I and II
B. II and III

C. I and IV

D. II and IV



Explanation in favor of the correct Answer: 

Option I, ‘a work-breakdown structure’, could be used here because we have experienced staff and requirements definitions (albeit loosely defined at first).

Option II, ‘taking a random percentage of development time’, is not ideal because we do have experience. The scenario does not suggest that the iteration time is known upfront, and in iterative development is likely to change.

Option III, ‘using test point analysis’, is very time-consuming and requires fully defined specifications. The scenario states that these will evolve.

Option IV, ‘gaining consensus’, is useful since the team does work closely together.

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Sample Questions in context of CTAL Syllabus Chapter 4: Test Techniques

Q. 33: Which of the following are "white-box" test techniques?

I. Decision Testing 
II. Condition Testing 

III. LCSAJ (loop testing) 

IV. State transition testing

A. I, II true.III, IV false 
B. I, III, IV true, II false 

C. I, II, III true, IV false 

D. All of the above

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Q. 34: According to the ISTQB Syllabus, which of the following are test techniques?

I. Experienced based 
II. Defect based

III. Static and dynamic analysis 

IV. Structure based

A. III is true. I, II, IV false 
B. I, IV true. II, III false 

C. All of the above

D. None of the above

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Q. 35: Software Testers in a software development company installed the new release on test systems and started the testing phase. Testers verified the new functionality, performed necessary security testing and completed planned regression tests. During the last week of testing, testers noticed that the memory utilization was more than 95% on two of the test servers (out of 4 servers). This behavior was not observed during the first weeks of the testing phase.

As a test analyst, what would you do?

A. Ignore the problem because other two servers are okay (memory utilization is normal)

B. Report the problem to the developer immediately and create a defect report because it could be a problem related to memory leak.

C. Reboot the system so that memory utilization will come back to normal. Not report it as a problem.

D. Create a defect report and reboot the system to correct the memory problem.

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Q. 36: Select the correct statement related to test techniques;

I. Software program should be running to perform dynamic analysis

II. Software program should be running to perform static analysis

III. Control flow analysis is part of dynamic analysis

IV. Data flow analysis is part of static analysis

A. I, II true. III, IV false
B. I, III true. II, IV false

C. I, IV true. II, III false

D. I true. II, III, IV false

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Q. 37: You and two junior testers have been assigned to a new project qualification by your manager. Development of the code started two weeks ago and now you are invited to attend a code review meeting by development manager. Meeting agenda is to cover following items.

# Verify code compliance to coding standards

# Verify comment usage frequency

# Review number of function calls

# Review logical decision points in the application

What is the purpose of this meeting?

A. Perform a Static Analysis of the code with the intention of finding bugs early.

B. Explain the testers how the program should work.

C. Get an agreement to release the partially completed software to the testing department.

D. Explain the complexity of the code.

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Q. 38: Integrated Solutions Inc. is a software testing company with 20 testers. One of their clients provided a software release and requested to test the software within 2 weeks. The client did not provide any specifications of the software or any documentation. However, Integrated Solutions Inc. testers have tested similar releases from the same client in the past.

As a Senior Software Tester, what is your best approach?

A. Test the product using "Defect and Experienced Based" techniques like error guessing, exploratory and attacks.

B. Request for more time.

C. Explain the client why you cannot test the software.

D. Test only performance of the software.

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Q. 39: A software company developed a software application for a Life Insurance Company. The testers of the software company were given the release to test.

The software application calculates the annual life insurance cost based on customers' age. Life insurance cost is as follows per year;

# Age 18 or less: US $ 300

# Age over 18 or less than 70: US $ 500

# Person has to be at least 1 year old to purchase insurance

If a customer enters any other age, the software prints an error message. The Application accepts only positive integer values (no decimals).

Given above scenario, how many valid test cases at minimum can you derive using equivalence partitioning?

A. 4 
B. 3 

C. 5 

D. 2

Explanation in favor of the correct Answer: 

Equivalence partitioning test technique helps to identify the minimum number of black box test cases by providing reasonably good test coverage.

In this scenario following shows the equivalence partitions:

------------ I -------------- I -------------- I -----------

Age: 1 18 70

Invalid I valid I valid I Invalid

So there are 2 invalid partitions (age less than 1, age more than 70) and 2 valid partitions (age 1-18, 19 - 70).

Since the application is accepting only positive integers, we can ignore the age less than 1 (first invalid partition).

Hence there are 2 valid partitions and you can create 1 test case from each group to cover this scenario.


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Q. 40: A software company developed a software application for a Life Insurance Company. The testers of the software company were given the release to test.

The software application calculates the annual life insurance cost based on customers' age. Life insurance cost is as follows per year;

# Age 18 or less: US $ 300

# Age over 18 or less than 70: US $ 500

# Person has to be at least 1 year old to purchase insurance

If a customer enters any other age, the software prints an error message. The Application accepts only positive integer values (no decimals).

How many boundary value test cases can you derive for the life insurance application?

A. 9 
B. 10 

C. 6 

D. 3

Explanation in favor of the correct Answer: 

Boundary Value (BV) Analysis helps to find test cases at the boundary of each input

In this scenario following shows the equivalence partitions:

------------ I -------------- I -------------- I -----------

Age: 1 18 70

Invalid I valid I valid I Invalid

BV tests: 0,1, 2, 17, 18, 19, 69, 70, 71